Contractile properties of single-skinned skeletal muscle fibres of the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the Australian short-nosed echnidna

Eutherian mammal fast- twitch muscle fibres share similar contractile activation properties, suggesting that these properties are highly conserved in mammals. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the contractile properties of skeletal muscle from the order Monotremata, a mammalian order that separated from eutherians 150 million years ago. The Ca2+- and Sr2+- activation properties of single mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibres from the extensor digitorum longus ( EDL) muscle of the short- nosed echidna were determined. Sigmoidal curves fitted to force response data plotted as a function of pCa ( - log[Ca2+]), had a mean slope of 4.32 +/- 0.28 and a mean pCa(50) and pCa(10) value of 6.18 +/- 0.01 and 6.41 +/- 0.02 respectively ( n = 20). The mean pSr(50), pSr(10) and slope values of curves fitted to the force- response data after activation with Sr2+ were 4.80 +/- 0.03, 5.29 +/- 0.07 and 2.75 +/- 0.18 respectively ( n = 20). The mean pCa(50) - pSr(50) value for the echidna EDL fibres was 1.37 +/- 0.04. In five of the echidna fibres, exposure to submaximal Ca2+ concentrations produced myofibrillar force oscillations ( mean frequency, 0.13 +/- 0.01 Hz), a phenomenon found only in eutherian slow and intermediate muscle fibres. These results show that echidna EDL fibres generally have similar contractile properties to eutherian fast- twitch skeletal muscle fibres, such as those found in the EDL of the rat.