@article{9241545a7b8449738db79af48522ce19,
title = "{\textquoteleft}Complexation{\textquoteright} of Palm Oil in Indonesia: The Actors and Their Involvement in North Mamuju, West Sulawesi",
abstract = "This research examines the complexity of many significant changes in Indonesia's palm oil (PO) industry in North Mamuju, West Sulawesi, focusing on the actors' involvement. The PO commerce in this country continues to grow due to the increasing demand for crude palm oil (CPO) and kernel palm oil (KPO), low labor costs, vast lands, tropical climate, soil conditions, as well as domestic and global demand. Furthermore, private firms and smallholders continue to dominate the OP sector with continuous growth from upstream to downstream. This suggested that the PO industry has substantially impacted and helped change the newly constituted district of West Sulawesi, North Mamuju, by applying ethnographical modes of inquiry. According to the actors, the complexity of PO industry in this region is simply driven by the dynamics of the frontier inside and beyond PO plantations zona. Secondly, they are committed to ensuring that the region continues to be a center of PO industry to stimulate economic development in Sulawesi. Empirically, investment requirements and community attractiveness to PO continue to persuade local governments that the sector is the only development path. Local actors envision North Mamuju as the future hub for PO farmers in the East Indonesian region.",
keywords = "Complexity, Forest, North Mamuju, Palm oil, Political economy, West Sulawesi",
author = "Mukrimin Mukrimin",
note = "Funding Information: Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia. He thanks to his supervisors, Professor Greg Acciaioli and Professor Lyn Parker, for their critical feedback and insightful comments on this manuscript. The author also gratefully appreciates the useful commentary and suggestions of anonymous reviewers to draft of this article. The author also thanks to committee and participants at International Conference on “Navigating Global Flow of Capital Policy & Values”, Universitas Tadulako Palu, 19-22 Desember 2019 and Western Australia – Indonesia Forum (WAIF) at University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, 22-23 April 2016. Above all, the author gratefully thanks to all informants at the field site. The study and field research were made possible thanks to financial support from Indonesia{\textquoteright}s KEMENAG, under the DIKTIS Program 5000 Doktor and LITAPDIMAS and a fieldwork grant from the UWA Graduate Research School. The author alone is responsible for the research findings and conclusion drawn here. Funding Information: This article is a section of the author?s doctoral dissertation University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia. He thanks to his supervisors, Professor Greg Acciaioli and Professor Lyn Parker, for their critical feedback and insightful comments on this manuscript. The author also gratefully appreciates the useful commentary and suggestions of anonymous reviewers to draft of this article. The author also thanks to committee and participants at International Conference on ?Navigating Global Flow of Capital Policy & Values?, Universitas Tadulako Palu, 19-22 Desember 2019 and Western Australia ? Indonesia Forum (WAIF) at University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, 22-23 April 2016. Above all, the author gratefully thanks to all informants at the field site. The study and field research were made possible thanks to financial support from Indonesia?s KEMENAG, under the DIKTIS Program 5000 Doktor and LITAPDIMAS and a fieldwork grant from the UWA Graduate Research School. The author alone is responsible for the research findings and conclusion drawn here. Funding Information: The stories of the first settlers in the field were related to the establishment of OP industries, which was initially referred to as a finery mill operated at Motu Village and a new one, i.e., Agribaras under the PT Unggul Widya Teknologi Lestari (UWTL). Based on the Kempen RI/NO/351/KPTS/KB510/6/1987, enacted on June 15, 1987, it was given a concession of relatively 17.000 ha while 10.000 ha of lands were used for OP plantations. However, under the so-called Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri – PMDN (In-Country Investment Capitals), the PT UWTL gained financial investment support from the National government. It was officially launched on November 27, 1988, by the governor of South Sulawesi and under the jurisdiction of West Sulawesi, as shown in Figure 3. Additionally, a particular harbor for CPO and KPO was built in Bone Manjing, situated at Sarudu, in June 1990. Then from August 1994, this region became an entre-port for PO industry. The PT UWTL itself is under the Widya Corporation, a national enterprise that affiliates with PT Manakara Unggul Lestari, PT Dharma Pratama and PT Mulia Inti Perkasa. It also has several PO mill construction branches, such as PT Sarana Mukti Dirgasentosa, and an educational institute, known as Poleteknik Sawit Citra Widya Edukasi (Nainggolan, 2015; Fajar, 2010; Antara, 2012; Village Head of Balanti, pers. comm., 2014). Along with the construction of the PT UWTL, the transmigrants engaged in the planting of PO seeds and other menial jobs such as clearing the forests, preparing lands, fertilizing, and harvesting. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by Forest and Society.",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
doi = "10.24259/fs.v6i1.13789",
language = "English",
volume = "6",
pages = "378--398",
journal = "Forest and Society",
issn = "2549-4724",
publisher = "Universitas Hasanuddin",
number = "1",
}
