Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-naïve adults with type 1 diabetes

Yuhan A Goh; Nick S R Lan; Kathryn Linn; Chris Wood; Ashu Gupta; Bu B Yeap; P Gerry Fegan

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108557

Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-naïve adults with type 1 diabetes

Yuhan A Goh, Nick S R Lan, Kathryn Linn, Chris Wood, Ashu Gupta, Bu B Yeap, P Gerry Fegan

Internal Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), its relationship with T1D-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk-stratification tools is unknown.

AIMS: Assess prevalence of CAC and evaluate relationship between CAC and T1D-specific CV risk-stratification methods in T1D.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adults with T1D age 20-60 years, statin-naïve and no history of CVD. Data was obtained from electronic medical records and by interview. Presence of CAC was assessed using non-contrast cardiac computed tomography and quantified by Agatston Units (AU). CV risk-stratification was assessed using the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines and the Steno T1 Risk Engine (ST1RE).

RESULTS: 85 patients were included with mean age 35.4 ± 10.3 years, HbA1c 8.3 ± 1.5 % and T1D duration 17.0 ± 10.1 years. 67 patients (78.9 %) had a CAC score of 0 AU, 17 (20.0 %) >0-100 AU, and one (1.2 %) >100 AU. Duration of T1D (p = 0.009), body mass index (p = 0.029), neuropathy (p = 0.016) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.016) were independently associated with a positive CAC score on multivariate analysis. Positive predictive value for a positive CAC score was 85.7 % for the ST1RE high risk category and 31.3 % for the 2019 ESC Guidelines very high risk category.

CONCLUSIONS: One-fifth of this T1D cohort had a positive CAC score. The ST1RE was superior in identifying positive CAC compared to the 2019 ESC Guidelines. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of CAC in personalising CV risk-stratification and statin initiation in T1D.

Original language	English
Article number	108557
Journal	Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume	37
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108557
Publication status	Published - Aug 2023

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10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108557

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Goh, Y. A., Lan, N. S. R., Linn, K., Wood, C., Gupta, A., Yeap, B. B., & Fegan, P. G. (2023). Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-naïve adults with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 37(8), Article 108557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108557

@article{c4ead88f73a4460a8903e8ed77fc4ff2,

title = "Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-na{\"i}ve adults with type 1 diabetes",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), its relationship with T1D-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk-stratification tools is unknown.AIMS: Assess prevalence of CAC and evaluate relationship between CAC and T1D-specific CV risk-stratification methods in T1D.METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adults with T1D age 20-60 years, statin-na{\"i}ve and no history of CVD. Data was obtained from electronic medical records and by interview. Presence of CAC was assessed using non-contrast cardiac computed tomography and quantified by Agatston Units (AU). CV risk-stratification was assessed using the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines and the Steno T1 Risk Engine (ST1RE).RESULTS: 85 patients were included with mean age 35.4 ± 10.3 years, HbA1c 8.3 ± 1.5 % and T1D duration 17.0 ± 10.1 years. 67 patients (78.9 %) had a CAC score of 0 AU, 17 (20.0 %) >0-100 AU, and one (1.2 %) >100 AU. Duration of T1D (p = 0.009), body mass index (p = 0.029), neuropathy (p = 0.016) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.016) were independently associated with a positive CAC score on multivariate analysis. Positive predictive value for a positive CAC score was 85.7 % for the ST1RE high risk category and 31.3 % for the 2019 ESC Guidelines very high risk category.CONCLUSIONS: One-fifth of this T1D cohort had a positive CAC score. The ST1RE was superior in identifying positive CAC compared to the 2019 ESC Guidelines. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of CAC in personalising CV risk-stratification and statin initiation in T1D.",

author = "Goh, {Yuhan A} and Lan, {Nick S R} and Kathryn Linn and Chris Wood and Ashu Gupta and Yeap, {Bu B} and Fegan, {P Gerry}",

year = "2023",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108557",

language = "English",

volume = "37",

journal = "Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications",

issn = "1056-8727",

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number = "8",

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Goh, YA, Lan, NSR, Linn, K, Wood, C, Gupta, A, Yeap, BB & Fegan, PG 2023, 'Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-naïve adults with type 1 diabetes', Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, vol. 37, no. 8, 108557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108557

Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-naïve adults with type 1 diabetes. / Goh, Yuhan A; Lan, Nick S R; Linn, Kathryn et al.
In: Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, Vol. 37, No. 8, 108557, 08.2023.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-naïve adults with type 1 diabetes

AU - Goh, Yuhan A

AU - Lan, Nick S R

AU - Linn, Kathryn

AU - Wood, Chris

AU - Gupta, Ashu

AU - Yeap, Bu B

AU - Fegan, P Gerry

PY - 2023/8

Y1 - 2023/8

N2 - BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), its relationship with T1D-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk-stratification tools is unknown.AIMS: Assess prevalence of CAC and evaluate relationship between CAC and T1D-specific CV risk-stratification methods in T1D.METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adults with T1D age 20-60 years, statin-naïve and no history of CVD. Data was obtained from electronic medical records and by interview. Presence of CAC was assessed using non-contrast cardiac computed tomography and quantified by Agatston Units (AU). CV risk-stratification was assessed using the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines and the Steno T1 Risk Engine (ST1RE).RESULTS: 85 patients were included with mean age 35.4 ± 10.3 years, HbA1c 8.3 ± 1.5 % and T1D duration 17.0 ± 10.1 years. 67 patients (78.9 %) had a CAC score of 0 AU, 17 (20.0 %) >0-100 AU, and one (1.2 %) >100 AU. Duration of T1D (p = 0.009), body mass index (p = 0.029), neuropathy (p = 0.016) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.016) were independently associated with a positive CAC score on multivariate analysis. Positive predictive value for a positive CAC score was 85.7 % for the ST1RE high risk category and 31.3 % for the 2019 ESC Guidelines very high risk category.CONCLUSIONS: One-fifth of this T1D cohort had a positive CAC score. The ST1RE was superior in identifying positive CAC compared to the 2019 ESC Guidelines. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of CAC in personalising CV risk-stratification and statin initiation in T1D.

AB - BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), its relationship with T1D-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk-stratification tools is unknown.AIMS: Assess prevalence of CAC and evaluate relationship between CAC and T1D-specific CV risk-stratification methods in T1D.METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adults with T1D age 20-60 years, statin-naïve and no history of CVD. Data was obtained from electronic medical records and by interview. Presence of CAC was assessed using non-contrast cardiac computed tomography and quantified by Agatston Units (AU). CV risk-stratification was assessed using the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines and the Steno T1 Risk Engine (ST1RE).RESULTS: 85 patients were included with mean age 35.4 ± 10.3 years, HbA1c 8.3 ± 1.5 % and T1D duration 17.0 ± 10.1 years. 67 patients (78.9 %) had a CAC score of 0 AU, 17 (20.0 %) >0-100 AU, and one (1.2 %) >100 AU. Duration of T1D (p = 0.009), body mass index (p = 0.029), neuropathy (p = 0.016) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.016) were independently associated with a positive CAC score on multivariate analysis. Positive predictive value for a positive CAC score was 85.7 % for the ST1RE high risk category and 31.3 % for the 2019 ESC Guidelines very high risk category.CONCLUSIONS: One-fifth of this T1D cohort had a positive CAC score. The ST1RE was superior in identifying positive CAC compared to the 2019 ESC Guidelines. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of CAC in personalising CV risk-stratification and statin initiation in T1D.

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DO - 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108557

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SN - 1056-8727

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JO - Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications

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Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk-stratification by European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and Steno Type 1 Risk Engine in statin-naïve adults with type 1 diabetes

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