Combating Phytopathogens by Integration of Metagenomics and Phototrophic Biotechnologies: Toward Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Rising global food demand amid climate change presents unprecedented challenges for modern agriculture. The spread of phytopathogens and the degradation of agroecosystems necessitate the development of innovative plant protection solutions. Traditional chemical pesticides are losing their effectiveness due to the emergence of resistant pathogens and their adverse environmental impacts, thereby intensifying interest in biological control methods. This study examines the integration of metagenomic analysis and phototrophic biotechnology as a promising approach to biocontrol. Metagenomics enables the precise identification of phytopathogens and beneficial microorganisms, laying the groundwork for the development of targeted biopesticides. Phototrophic microorganisms, including microalgae and cyanobacteria, exhibit antimicrobial properties and contribute to the restoration of soil ecosystems. The convergence of these technologies offers opportunities to form adaptive microbial consortia that ensure the long-term sustainability of agroecosystems. The paper discusses key challenges, including data processing complexities, the scalability of technologies, and regulatory barriers, and underscores the need for standardized methodologies and interdisciplinary collaboration. The integration of metagenomics and phototrophic biotechnology represents a promising direction for creating environmentally safe and sustainable agricultural production systems.