Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are social insects living in close proximity, which presents ideal conditions for pathogen spread. Recent worldwide declines in honeybee populations have been attributed to several biotic and abiotic factors, but critical contributors are parasites and pathogens. The fungal pathogen Nosema apis is particularly widespread in Western Australian honeybees. Infection with N. apis reduces the strength and productivity of the colony, particularly in winter. This thesis explores the impact of genetic variation in N. apis on immunity in honeybees, and how genetic variation in N. apis influences resistance to antimicrobial components, such as chitinases, in honeybee seminal fluid.
Original language | English |
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Qualification | Doctor of Philosophy |
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Award date | 22 Jun 2023 |
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Publication status | Unpublished - 2023 |