Bubble continuous positive airway pressure

Since the initial report from Gregory et al. describing the use of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to support the ventilation of spontaneously breathing newborn infants [1] and the subsequent development of a head box for noninvasive CPAP delivery, CPAP has gained widespread popularity for respiratory support of the nonintubated infant. Whereas these initial modes of delivery assumed that a leak-free application was essential for effective therapeutic delivery of CPAP, improved ease of application and access to infants was achieved when the method was subsequently successfully adapted to generate nasal CPAP [2].