TY - JOUR
T1 - Bile Acid Application in Cell-Targeting for Molecular Receptors in Relation to Hearing
T2 - A Comprehensive Review
AU - Ionescu, Corina M.
AU - Jones, Melissa A.
AU - Wagle, Susbin R.
AU - Kovacevic, Bozica
AU - Foster, Thomas
AU - Mikov, Momir
AU - Mooranian, Armin
AU - Al-Salami, Hani
PY - 2024/1/8
Y1 - 2024/1/8
N2 - Bile acids play important roles in the human body, and changes in their pool can be used as markers for various liver pathologies. In addition to their functional effects in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular survivability, the unconjugated or conjugated, secondary, or primary nature of bile acids accounts for their various ligand effects. The common hydrophilic bile acids have been used successfully as local treatment to resolve drug-induced cell damage or to ameliorate hearing loss. From various literature references, bile acids show concentration and tissue-dependent effects. Some hydrophobic bile acids act as ligands modulating vitamin D receptors, muscarinic receptors, and calcium-activated potassium channels, important proteins in the inner ear system. 3 Currently, there are limited resources investigating the therapeutic effects of bile acid on hearing loss and little to no information on detecting bile acids in the remote ear system, let alone baseline bile acid levels and their prevalence in healthy and disease conditions. This review presents both hydrophilic and hydrophobic human bile acids and their tissue-specific effects in modulating cellular integrity, thus considering the possible effects and extended therapeutic applicability of bile acids to the inner ear tissue.
AB - Bile acids play important roles in the human body, and changes in their pool can be used as markers for various liver pathologies. In addition to their functional effects in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular survivability, the unconjugated or conjugated, secondary, or primary nature of bile acids accounts for their various ligand effects. The common hydrophilic bile acids have been used successfully as local treatment to resolve drug-induced cell damage or to ameliorate hearing loss. From various literature references, bile acids show concentration and tissue-dependent effects. Some hydrophobic bile acids act as ligands modulating vitamin D receptors, muscarinic receptors, and calcium-activated potassium channels, important proteins in the inner ear system. 3 Currently, there are limited resources investigating the therapeutic effects of bile acid on hearing loss and little to no information on detecting bile acids in the remote ear system, let alone baseline bile acid levels and their prevalence in healthy and disease conditions. This review presents both hydrophilic and hydrophobic human bile acids and their tissue-specific effects in modulating cellular integrity, thus considering the possible effects and extended therapeutic applicability of bile acids to the inner ear tissue.
KW - bile acid receptors
KW - bile acids
KW - cellular stress
KW - Cochlea
KW - hearing loss
KW - micro RNAs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85185699979&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/137072
U2 - 10.2174/011389450127829223122303573
DO - 10.2174/011389450127829223122303573
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38192136
AN - SCOPUS:85185699979
SN - 1389-4501
VL - 25
SP - 158
EP - 170
JO - Current Drug Targets
JF - Current Drug Targets
IS - 3
ER -