TY - JOUR
T1 - “Beads-on-a-string” Star Formation Tied to One of the Most Powerful Active Galactic Nucleus Outbursts Observed in a Cool-core Galaxy Cluster
AU - Omoruyi, Osase
AU - Tremblay, Grant R.
AU - Combes, Francoise
AU - Davis, Timothy A.
AU - Gladders, Michael D.
AU - Vikhlinin, Alexey
AU - Nulsen, Paul
AU - Kharb, Preeti
AU - Baum, Stefi A.
AU - O’Dea, Christopher P.
AU - Sharon, Keren
AU - Terrazas, Bryan A.
AU - Nevin, Rebecca
AU - Schechter, Aimee L.
AU - Zuhone, John A.
AU - McDonald, Michael
AU - Dahle, Hakon
AU - Bayliss, Matthew B.
AU - Connor, Thomas
AU - Florian, Michael
AU - Rigby, Jane R.
AU - Vaddi, Sravani
N1 - Funding Information:
O.O. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and thanks Professors Karin Öberg, Douglas Finkbeiner, and Lars Hernquist for helpful comments. S.B. and C.O. acknowledge support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.
Funding Information:
The scientific results reported in this paper are based on observations from numerous ground- and space-based observatories, namely the Chandra X-ray Observatory, LOFAR, VLA, Gemini-North, and ALMA. LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON (Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy), has facilities in several countries, that are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation under a joint scientific policy. ALMA (data from ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.01426.S) is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. VLA data was accessed from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). The Gemini Observatory is located atop Maunakea in Hawaii. We are deeply grateful to work with observations taken from the mauna, and acknowledge Maunakea’s cultural and historical significance to the indigenous Kānaka Maoli community. The observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope were obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. We also present data obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT). NOT is owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland, and Norway, the University of Iceland, and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2024/3/1
Y1 - 2024/3/1
N2 - With two central galaxies engaged in a major merger and a remarkable chain of 19 young stellar superclusters wound around them in projection, the galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414 (z = 0.335) offers an excellent laboratory to study the interplay between mergers, active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and star formation. New Chandra X-ray imaging reveals rapidly cooling hot (T ∼ 106 K) intracluster gas, with two “wings” forming a concave density discontinuity near the edge of the cool core. LOFAR 144 MHz observations uncover diffuse radio emission strikingly aligned with the “wings,” suggesting that the “wings” are actually the opening to a giant X-ray supercavity. The steep radio emission is likely an ancient relic of one of the most energetic AGN outbursts observed, with 4pV > 1061 erg. To the north of the supercavity, GMOS detects warm (T ∼ 104 K) ionized gas that enshrouds the stellar superclusters but is redshifted up to +800 km s−1 with respect to the southern central galaxy. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array detects a similarly redshifted ∼1010 M ⊙ reservoir of cold (T ∼ 102 K) molecular gas, but it is offset from the young stars by ∼1-3 kpc. We propose that the multiphase gas originated from low-entropy gas entrained by the X-ray supercavity, attribute the offset between the young stars and the molecular gas to turbulent intracluster gas motions, and suggest that tidal interactions stimulated the “beads-on-a-string” star formation morphology.
AB - With two central galaxies engaged in a major merger and a remarkable chain of 19 young stellar superclusters wound around them in projection, the galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414 (z = 0.335) offers an excellent laboratory to study the interplay between mergers, active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and star formation. New Chandra X-ray imaging reveals rapidly cooling hot (T ∼ 106 K) intracluster gas, with two “wings” forming a concave density discontinuity near the edge of the cool core. LOFAR 144 MHz observations uncover diffuse radio emission strikingly aligned with the “wings,” suggesting that the “wings” are actually the opening to a giant X-ray supercavity. The steep radio emission is likely an ancient relic of one of the most energetic AGN outbursts observed, with 4pV > 1061 erg. To the north of the supercavity, GMOS detects warm (T ∼ 104 K) ionized gas that enshrouds the stellar superclusters but is redshifted up to +800 km s−1 with respect to the southern central galaxy. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array detects a similarly redshifted ∼1010 M ⊙ reservoir of cold (T ∼ 102 K) molecular gas, but it is offset from the young stars by ∼1-3 kpc. We propose that the multiphase gas originated from low-entropy gas entrained by the X-ray supercavity, attribute the offset between the young stars and the molecular gas to turbulent intracluster gas motions, and suggest that tidal interactions stimulated the “beads-on-a-string” star formation morphology.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85185799940&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad1101
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad1101
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85185799940
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 963
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 1
M1 - 1
ER -