Abstract
Cosmological simulations predict the presence of warm hot thermal gas in the cosmic filaments that connect galaxy clusters. This gas is thought to constitute an important part of the missing baryons in the Universe. In addition to the thermal gas, cosmic filaments could contain a population of relativistic particles and magnetic fields. A detection of magnetic fields in filaments can constrain early magnetogenesis in the cosmos. So far, the resulting diffuse synchrotron emission has only been indirectly detected. We present our search for thermal and non-thermal diffuse emission from intercluster regions of 106 paired galaxy clusters by stacking the 0.6-2.3 keV X-ray and 144 MHz radio data obtained with the eROSITA telescope onboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory and LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), respectively. The stacked data do not show the presence of X-ray and radio diffuse emission in the intercluster regions. This could be due to the sensitivity of the data sets and/or the limited number of cluster pairs used in this study. Assuming a constant radio emissivity in the filaments, we find that the mean radio emissivity is not higher than. Under equipartition conditions, our upper limit on the mean emissivity translates to an upper limit of for the mean magnetic field strength in the filaments, depending on the spectral index and the minimum energy cutoff. We discuss the constraint for the magnetic field strength in the context of the models for the formation of magnetic fields in cosmic filaments.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 6320-6335 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Volume | 523 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Aug 2023 |
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 523, No. 4, 01.08.2023, p. 6320-6335.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - A search for intercluster filaments with LOFAR and eROSITA
AU - Hoang, D. N.
AU - Brüggen, M.
AU - Zhang, X.
AU - Bonafede, A.
AU - Liu, A.
AU - Liu, T.
AU - Shimwell, T. W.
AU - Botteon, A.
AU - Brunetti, G.
AU - Bulbul, E.
AU - Di Gennaro, G. D.
AU - O'sullivan, S. P.
AU - Pasini, T.
AU - Röttgering, H. J.A.
AU - Vernstrom, T.
AU - Van Weeren, R. J.
N1 - Funding Information: DNH and AB acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) through the grant ERC-StG DRANOEL n. 714245. MBacknowledgesfunding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 'Quantum Universe - 390833306. AB acknowledges support from the VIDI research programme with project number 639.042.729, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). GDG acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. RJvW acknowledges support from the ERC Starting Grant ClusterWeb 804208. E. B., X.Z., and A.L. acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement CoG DarkQuest No 101002585). LOFAR (van Haarlem et al. 2013) is the Low Frequency Array designed and constructed by Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON). It has observing, data processing, and data storage facilities in several countries, which are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation under a joint scientific policy. The ILT resources have benefited from the following recent major funding sources: French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) - National Institute of Sciences of the Universe (INSU), Observatoire de Paris and Université d'Orleans, France; The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Ministry for Innovation, Science and Research - North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWFNRW), The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG), Germany; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation (DBEI), Ireland; NWO, The Netherlands; The Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; The Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy. This research made use of the Dutch national e-infrastructure with support of the SURF Cooperative (e-infra 180169) and the LOFAR e-infra group. The Jülich LOFAR Long Term Archive and the German LOFAR network are both coordinated and operated by the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), and computing resources on the supercomputer Jülich Wizard for European Leadership Science (JUWELS) at Julich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) were provided by the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. (grant CHTB00) through the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC). This research made use of the University of Hertfordshire high-performance computing facility and the LOFAR-UK computing facility located at the University of Hertfordshire and supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P000096/1], the Italian LOFAR IT computing infrastructure supported and operated by National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), and the Physics Department of Turin university (under an agreement with Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale) at the C3S Supercomputing Centre, Italy. This work is based on data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument aboard SRG, a joint Russian-German science mission supported by the Russian Space Agency (Roskosmos), in the interests of the Russian Academy of Sciences represented by its Space Research Institute (IKI), and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). The SRG spacecraft was built by Lavochkin Association (NPOL) and its subcontractors, and is operated by NPOL with support from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE). The development and construction of the eROSITA X-ray instrument was led by MPE, with contributions from the Dr Karl Remeis Observatory Bamberg & ECAP (FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg), the University of Hamburg Observatory, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), and the Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of the University of Tubingen, with the support of DLR and the Max Planck Society. The Argelander Institute for Astronomy of the University of Bonn and the Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich also participated in the science preparation for eROSITA. The eROSITA data shown here were processed using the eROSITA Science Analysis Software System (eSASS)/ Near Real Time Analysis (NRTA) software system developed by the German eROSITA consortium. Funding Information: DNH and AB acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) through the grant ERC-StG DRANOEL n. 714245. MB acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 ‘Quantum Universe - 390833306. AB acknowledges support from the VIDI research programme with project number 639.042.729, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). GDG acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. RJvW acknowledges support from the ERC Starting Grant ClusterWeb 804208. E. B., X.Z., and A.L. acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement CoG DarkQuest No 101002585). LOFAR (van Haarlem et al. ) is the Low Frequency Array designed and constructed by Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON). It has observing, data processing, and data storage facilities in several countries, which are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and that are collectively operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation under a joint scientific policy. The ILT resources have benefited from the following recent major funding sources: French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) - National Institute of Sciences of the Universe (INSU), Observatoire de Paris and Université d’Orléans, France; The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Ministry for Innovation, Science and Research - North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWF-NRW), The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG), Germany; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation (DBEI), Ireland; NWO, The Netherlands; The Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; The Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy. This research made use of the Dutch national e-infrastructure with support of the SURF Cooperative (e-infra 180169) and the LOFAR e-infra group. The Jülich LOFAR Long Term Archive and the German LOFAR network are both coordinated and operated by the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), and computing resources on the supercomputer Jülich Wizard for European Leadership Science (JUWELS) at Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) were provided by the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. (grant CHTB00) through the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC). This research made use of the University of Hertfordshire high-performance computing facility and the LOFAR-UK computing facility located at the University of Hertfordshire and supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P000096/1], the Italian LOFAR IT computing infrastructure supported and operated by National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), and the Physics Department of Turin university (under an agreement with Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale) at the C3S Supercomputing Centre, Italy. This work is based on data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument aboard SRG, a joint Russian-German science mission supported by the Russian Space Agency (Roskosmos), in the interests of the Russian Academy of Sciences represented by its Space Research Institute (IKI), and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). The SRG spacecraft was built by Lavochkin Association (NPOL) and its subcontractors, and is operated by NPOL with support from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE). The development and construction of the eROSITA X-ray instrument was led by MPE, with contributions from the Dr Karl Remeis Observatory Bamberg & ECAP (FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg), the University of Hamburg Observatory, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), and the Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of the University of Tübingen, with the support of DLR and the Max Planck Society. The Argelander Institute for Astronomy of the University of Bonn and the Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich also participated in the science preparation for eROSITA. The eROSITA data shown here were processed using the eROSITA Science Analysis Software System (eSASS)/ Near Real Time Analysis (NRTA) software system developed by the German eROSITA consortium. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s).
PY - 2023/8/1
Y1 - 2023/8/1
N2 - Cosmological simulations predict the presence of warm hot thermal gas in the cosmic filaments that connect galaxy clusters. This gas is thought to constitute an important part of the missing baryons in the Universe. In addition to the thermal gas, cosmic filaments could contain a population of relativistic particles and magnetic fields. A detection of magnetic fields in filaments can constrain early magnetogenesis in the cosmos. So far, the resulting diffuse synchrotron emission has only been indirectly detected. We present our search for thermal and non-thermal diffuse emission from intercluster regions of 106 paired galaxy clusters by stacking the 0.6-2.3 keV X-ray and 144 MHz radio data obtained with the eROSITA telescope onboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory and LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), respectively. The stacked data do not show the presence of X-ray and radio diffuse emission in the intercluster regions. This could be due to the sensitivity of the data sets and/or the limited number of cluster pairs used in this study. Assuming a constant radio emissivity in the filaments, we find that the mean radio emissivity is not higher than. Under equipartition conditions, our upper limit on the mean emissivity translates to an upper limit of for the mean magnetic field strength in the filaments, depending on the spectral index and the minimum energy cutoff. We discuss the constraint for the magnetic field strength in the context of the models for the formation of magnetic fields in cosmic filaments.
AB - Cosmological simulations predict the presence of warm hot thermal gas in the cosmic filaments that connect galaxy clusters. This gas is thought to constitute an important part of the missing baryons in the Universe. In addition to the thermal gas, cosmic filaments could contain a population of relativistic particles and magnetic fields. A detection of magnetic fields in filaments can constrain early magnetogenesis in the cosmos. So far, the resulting diffuse synchrotron emission has only been indirectly detected. We present our search for thermal and non-thermal diffuse emission from intercluster regions of 106 paired galaxy clusters by stacking the 0.6-2.3 keV X-ray and 144 MHz radio data obtained with the eROSITA telescope onboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory and LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), respectively. The stacked data do not show the presence of X-ray and radio diffuse emission in the intercluster regions. This could be due to the sensitivity of the data sets and/or the limited number of cluster pairs used in this study. Assuming a constant radio emissivity in the filaments, we find that the mean radio emissivity is not higher than. Under equipartition conditions, our upper limit on the mean emissivity translates to an upper limit of for the mean magnetic field strength in the filaments, depending on the spectral index and the minimum energy cutoff. We discuss the constraint for the magnetic field strength in the context of the models for the formation of magnetic fields in cosmic filaments.
KW - diffuse radiation
KW - galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
KW - large-scale structure of Universe
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85165124448&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad1702
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad1702
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85165124448
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 523
SP - 6320
EP - 6335
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 4
ER -