A retrospective analysis of clinical features of oral malignant and potentially malignant disorders with and without oral epithelial dysplasia

Objective Clinical identification of underlying histopathology of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) remains difficult. The study aims to identify clinical indicators of underlying histopathology of oral malignant and potentially malignant disorders. Study Design All clinical patient records of an oral medicine and pathology clinic over a 12-year period were manually searched. Cases of OMLs with a histopathologic diagnosis of dysplasia (n = 124) and malignancy (n = 27) and a sample of nondysplastic OMLs (n = 109) were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate analysis and odds ratios for an association with clinical characteristics. Results A nonhomogeneous clinical appearance was strongly associated with underlying dysplasia in both univariate and multivariate analysis (P <.001; odds ratio, 4.4). For lesions with homogeneous appearance, dysplasia was associated with lesion location (P =.005; odds ratio, 2.6) and smoking history (P =.04). Conclusions These findings suggest that a nonhomogeneous mucosal lesion is a significant independent indicator for underlying oral epithelial dysplasia, with location, size, and color as additional contributing factors.