TY - JOUR
T1 - A process for efficient conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ammonium salts
AU - Cao, Q.
AU - Guo, X.C.
AU - Guan, J.
AU - Mu, X.D.
AU - Zhang, Dongke
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Low melting systems consisting of ammonium salts and highly concentrated fructose were used for the conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Not only acting as solvents, at sufficiently high temperatures, the ammonium salts themselves could also catalyse the dehydration of fructose to HMF. Among those salts, tetraethyl ammonium chloride (TEAC) was found to be the most efficient solvent-catalyst, demonstrated by its ability to achieve 81.3% HMF yield with 33.3 wt% fructose concentration at 120 degrees C, 79.2% HMF yield was obtained with 50 wt% fructose concentration in the TEAC/fructose system using 5 mol% NaHSO4 center dot H2O as a co-catalyst. A semi continuous biphasic system of TEAC/fructose/NaHSO4 center dot H2O melt using tetrahydrofuran (THF) to recover HMF was proposed and demonstrated in a laboratory scale process operating at 120 degrees C. The impurities in the HMF recovered, involving TEAC and NaHSO4 center dot H2O. were determined using H-1 NMR, elemental analysis and ICP-OES. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AB - Low melting systems consisting of ammonium salts and highly concentrated fructose were used for the conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Not only acting as solvents, at sufficiently high temperatures, the ammonium salts themselves could also catalyse the dehydration of fructose to HMF. Among those salts, tetraethyl ammonium chloride (TEAC) was found to be the most efficient solvent-catalyst, demonstrated by its ability to achieve 81.3% HMF yield with 33.3 wt% fructose concentration at 120 degrees C, 79.2% HMF yield was obtained with 50 wt% fructose concentration in the TEAC/fructose system using 5 mol% NaHSO4 center dot H2O as a co-catalyst. A semi continuous biphasic system of TEAC/fructose/NaHSO4 center dot H2O melt using tetrahydrofuran (THF) to recover HMF was proposed and demonstrated in a laboratory scale process operating at 120 degrees C. The impurities in the HMF recovered, involving TEAC and NaHSO4 center dot H2O. were determined using H-1 NMR, elemental analysis and ICP-OES. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
U2 - 10.1016/j.apcata.2011.06.018
DO - 10.1016/j.apcata.2011.06.018
M3 - Article
VL - 403
SP - 98
EP - 103
JO - APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
JF - APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
SN - 0926-860X
IS - 1-2
ER -