A mixed method study of menstrual health in Spain: pain, disorders and the journey for health

Menstrual-related symptoms and disorders, particularly dysmenorrhea, significantly impact women's well-being. Dysmenorrhea, marked by painful menstrual cramps, affects up to 95% of women, leading to debilitating symptoms that interfere with daily activities and potentially signal underlying gynaecological issues. This mixed-method study explores Spanish women's experiences with menstrual discomforts and healthcare access. A mixed-method survey combining quantitative and qualitative questions was conducted. Data from 3,490 participants highlight a high prevalence of menstrual discomforts, with 70.9% experiencing them monthly or most months. Despite this, a significant number of women infrequently seek gynaecological care, often due to perceived dismissiveness and inadequate medical support. The qualitative analysis reflects shared experiences of pain normalisation, misattribution to other conditions, and dissatisfaction with the standard treatment of contraceptive pills without thorough diagnostics. The study reveals that in Spain, access to healthcare support for menstrual issues is highly influenced by whether the provider is public or private, demonstrating the impact of socio-economic factors and underscoring a core contributor to health inequity. It also highlights the persistent gender pain gap and the need for a more holistic and empathetic approach in medical practices.Authors' recommendations include incorporating gender training for healthcare professionals and promoting awareness campaigns to encourage medical consultations for menstrual pain. This research aims to improve support systems and healthcare practices, enhancing the quality of life for women in Spain.