@article{5219b9e55f6842d7a0fcdcd993c56f8e,
title = "A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo",
abstract = "This paper presents the gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (H 0) using the detections from the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detector network. The presence of the transient electromagnetic counterpart of the binary neutron star GW170817 led to the first standard-siren measurement of H 0. Here we additionally use binary black hole detections in conjunction with galaxy catalogs and report a joint measurement. Our updated measurement is H 0 = km s-1 Mpc-1 (68.3% of the highest density posterior interval with a flat-in-log prior) which is an improvement by a factor of 1.04 (about 4%) over the GW170817-only value of km s-1 Mpc-1. A significant additional contribution currently comes from GW170814, a loud and well-localized detection from a part of the sky thoroughly covered by the Dark Energy Survey. With numerous detections anticipated over the upcoming years, an exhaustive understanding of other systematic effects are also going to become increasingly important. These results establish the path to cosmology using gravitational-wave observations with and without transient electromagnetic counterparts. ",
author = "{LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaborations} and Abbott, {B. P.} and R. Abbott and Abbott, {T. D.} and S. Abraham and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and C. Adams and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and M. Agathos and K. Agatsuma and N. Aggarwal and Aguiar, {O. D.} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and G. Allen and A. Allocca and Aloy, {M. A.} and Altin, {P. A.} and A. Amato and S. Anand and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and Angelova, {S. V.} and S. Antier and S. Appert and K. Arai and Araya, {M. C.} and Areeda, {J. S.} and {Ar ne}, M. and N. Arnaud and Aronson, {S. M.} and Arun, {K. G.} and S. Ascenzi and G. Ashton and Aston, {S. M.} and P. Astone and F. Aubin and P. Aufmuth and K. Aultoneal and C. Austin and V. Avendano and A. Avila-Alvarez and S. Babak and P. Bacon and F. Badaracco and Bader, {M. K.M.} and S. Bae and J. Baird and Baker, {P. T.} and F. Baldaccini and G. Ballardin and Ballmer, {S. W.} and A. Bals and S. Banagiri and Barayoga, {J. C.} and C. Barbieri and Barclay, {S. E.} and Barish, {B. C.} and D. Barker and K. Barkett and S. Barnum and F. Barone and B. Barr and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and D. Barta and J. Bartlett and I. Bartos and R. Bassiri and A. Basti and M. Bawaj and Bayley, {J. C.} and M. Bazzan and B. B{\'e}csy and M. Bejger and I. Belahcene and Bell, {A. S.} and D. Beniwal and Benjamin, {M. G.} and Berger, {B. K.} and G. Bergmann and S. Bernuzzi and Berry, {C. P.L.} and D. Bersanetti and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and R. Bhandare and J. Bidler and E. Biggs and Bilenko, {I. A.} and Bilgili, {S. A.} and G. Billingsley and R. Birney and O. Birnholtz and S. Biscans and M. Bischi and S. Biscoveanu and A. Bisht and M. Bitossi and Bizouard, {M. A.} and Blackburn, {J. K.} and J. Blackman and Blair, {C. D.} and Blair, {D. G.} and Blair, {R. M.} and S. Bloemen and F. Bobba and N. Bode and M. Boer and Y. Boetzel and G. Bogaert and F. Bondu and R. Bonnand and P. Booker and Boom, {B. A.} and R. Bork and V. Boschi and S. Bose and V. Bossilkov and J. Bosveld and Y. Bouffanais and A. Bozzi and C. Bradaschia and Brady, {P. R.} and A. Bramley and M. Branchesi and Brau, {J. E.} and M. Breschi and T. Briant and Briggs, {J. H.} and F. Brighenti and A. Brillet and M. Brinkmann and P. Brockill and Brooks, {A. F.} and J. Brooks and Brown, {D. D.} and S. Brunett and A. Buikema and T. Bulik and Bulten, {H. J.} and A. Buonanno and D. Buskulic and C. Buy and Byer, {R. L.} and M. Cabero and L. Cadonati and G. Cagnoli and C. Cahillane and Bustillo, {J. Calder{\'o}n} and Callister, {T. A.} and E. Calloni and Camp, {J. B.} and Campbell, {W. A.} and M. Canepa and Cannon, {K. C.} and H. Cao and J. Cao and G. Carapella and F. Carbognani and S. Caride and Carney, {M. F.} and G. Carullo and Diaz, {J. Casanueva} and C. Casentini and S. Caudill and M. Cavagli and F. Cavalier and R. Cavalieri and G. Cella and P. Cerd{\'a}-Dur{\'a}n and E. Cesarini and O. Chaibi and K. Chakravarti and Chamberlin, {S. J.} and M. Chan and S. Chao and P. Charlton and Chase, {E. A.} and E. Chassande-Mottin and D. Chatterjee and M. Chaturvedi and Cheeseboro, {B. D.} and Chen, {H. Y.} and X. Chen and Y. Chen and Cheng, {H. P.} and Cheong, {C. K.} and Chia, {H. Y.} and F. Chiadini and A. Chincarini and A. Chiummo and G. Cho and Cho, {H. S.} and M. Cho and N. Christensen and Q. Chu and S. Chua and Chung, {K. W.} and S. Chung and G. Ciani and M. Cie{\'s}lar and Ciobanu, {A. A.} and R. Ciolfi and F. Cipriano and A. Cirone and F. Clara and Clark, {J. A.} and P. Clearwater and F. Cleva and E. Coccia and Cohadon, {P. F.} and D. Cohen and M. Colleoni and Collette, {C. G.} and C. Collins and M. Colpi and Cominsky, {L. R.} and M. Constancio and L. Conti and Cooper, {S. J.} and P. Corban and Corbitt, {T. R.} and I. Cordero-Carri{\'o}n and S. Corezzi and Corley, {K. R.} and N. Cornish and D. Corre and A. Corsi and S. Cortese and Costa, {C. A.} and R. Cotesta and Coughlin, {M. W.} and Coughlin, {S. B.} and Coulon, {J. P.} and Countryman, {S. T.} and P. Couvares and Jones, {A. W.} and David Coward and M. Kovalam and McCann, {J. J.} and Page, {M. A.} and Slaven-Blair, {T. J.} and C. Zhao",
year = "2021",
month = mar,
day = "10",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/abdcb7",
language = "English",
volume = "909",
journal = "The Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
number = "2",
}