A fractional land use change model for ecological applications

By mapping land use under projections of socio-economic change, ecological changes can be predicted to inform conservation decision-making. We present a land use model that enables the fine-scale mapping of land use change under future scenarios. Its predictions can be used as input to virtually all existing spatially-explicit ecological models. Our model maps the fractional cover of land use within each grid cell, providing higher information content than discrete classes at the same spatial resolution. The method accurately reproduced land use patterns observed in the Amazon, both in terms of the allocated fractional amounts and also the direction of predicted land use changes. A small case study showcases the application of our model to reproduce patterns of agricultural expansion and natural habitat declines. The model source code is provided as an open-source R package, making this new method available to bridge the gap between socio-economic, land use and biodiversity modelling.