当代中国非物质文化遗产保护领域的文化治理: 基于法律、政策与实践的制度分析

基于文化治理的视角，本章系统总结并深入分析了当代中国非物质文化遗产保护事业的法律、政策与实践框架。在回顾20世纪下半叶中国非物质文化遗产保护情况的基础上，本章着重介绍了中国在2004年加入联合国教科文组织《保护非物质文化遗产公约》后如何在立法、政策与实践等多个领域联合发力，围绕非物质文化遗产保护事业建立起了一个多层次、多维度的立体化治理框架。具体来说，本章不仅梳理了相关领域从中央到地方的一系列法律、法规，还结合治理实践中涌现出的具体案例，阐释了“生产性保护”这一有中国特色的非物质文化遗产保护模式。我们指出，当代中国在非物质文化遗产保护方面的治理成果丰富，但国家主导的文化治理范式也面临一些值得重视的挑战。

From the Perspective of cultural governance, this chapter systematically summarises and analyses the legislative, policy, and practical frameworks for the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) safeguarding in Contemporary China. Based on a review of the ICH safeguarding in China during the second half of the 20th century, this chapter focuses on how, following China’s accession to the 2004 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, efforts across legislation, policy, and practice have combined to establish a multi-layered and multidimensional governance framework for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. The chapter outlines the relevant laws and regulations from the central to the local levels. It also examines concrete case studies from governance practices to explain the “production-based safeguarding” model, a distinctive approach to safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in China. The chapter argues that contemporary China has achieved significant governance outcomes in ICH safeguarding. However, the state-led cultural governance paradigm also faces notable challenges that warrant careful consideration.