Differentiating the cognitive basis of unproductive vs productive worry

Search results

• 2025

  From Information to Worry: How Selective Interrogation of Information Shapes Expectancies in the Prenatal Period

  Mazidi, M., Grafton, B., Moulds, M. L., Newby, J. M. & MacLeod, C., Feb 2025, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 49, 1, p. 177-184 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Parenthood 100%

  5   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  9 Downloads (Pure)

• The attenuation of spider avoidance action tendencies in spider-fearful individuals and its impact on behavioural and emotional responding to spiders

  Basanovic, J., Ranjbar, S. & Macleod, C., Apr 2025, In: Motivation and Emotion. 49, 2, p. 170-182 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Avoidance-Approach 100%
  • Stimulus Control 50%

• Trait anxiety-linked bias in expectancy updating: Examining the contributions of negative interrogation bias and negatively biased expectancy updating to elevated negative state affect when approaching potential stressors

  Reynolds, A., MacLeod, C. & Grafton, B., Dec 2025, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 195, 9 p., 104909.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Stressors 100%
  • Trait Anxiety 100%
  • Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention 14%

• 2024

  Attentional engagement with and disengagement from appearance ideals: Differential associations with body dissatisfaction frequency and duration?

  Dondzilo, L., Rodgers, R. F., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Vartanian, L. R., Krug, I., Preece, D. A., MacLeod, J. & MacLeod, C., Mar 2024, In: Body Image. 48, 101680.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Cognitive Process 100%
  • Ecological Momentary Assessment 100%

  3   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  128 Downloads (Pure)

• Cognitive biases involving readiness to categorise food in terms of calorie content in anorexia nervosa

  Dondzilo, L., Phillipou, A., Miles, S., Jonker, N., Jeffery, E. & MacLeod, C., Apr 2024, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 48, 2, p. 327-336 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Calorie 100%
  • Novel Food 12%

  4   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  25 Downloads (Pure)

• Less bang for my buck: Diminished anticipated enjoyment contributes to dysphoria-linked deficit in activity behavioural engagement choice

  Ji, J. L. & MacLeod, C., Jun 2024, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 177, p. 104526 104526.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Activity Engagement 100%
  • Behavioral Engagement 100%
  • Behavioral Choice 100%
  • Bucks 100%
  • Information Processing 50%

  1   Link opens in a new tab Citation (Scopus)

• The impact of self-referential processing on depression-linked negative interpretive bias

  Lawson, C., Macleod, C., Hammond, G. & Ben Grafton, B., Mar 2024, In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 82, 6 p., 101912.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Self-Referential Processing 100%
  • Interpretive bias 100%
  • Eye Blinks 50%
  • Cognitive Theory 25%
  • Memory Bias 25%

  1   Link opens in a new tab Citation (Scopus)

• The role of acute stress recovery in emotional resilience

  Notebaert, L., Harris, R., MacLeod, C., Crane, M. & Bucks, R. S., 29 Aug 2024, In: PEERJ. 12, 8, 21 p., e17911.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Acute Stress 100%
  • Mental Health 100%
  • Adverse Event 33%
  • Health Outcomes 33%

  5   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• The role of expectancies and selective interrogation of information in trait anxiety-linked affect when approaching potentially stressful future events

  Reynolds, A., MacLeod, C. & Grafton, B., Aug 2024, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 179, 9 p., 104568.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Trait Anxiety 100%
  • Negative Affect 75%
  • Stressors 50%
  • Positive Affect 25%
  • Public Health Campaign 25%

  6   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• 2023

  A serial mediation model of attentional engagement with thin bodies on body dissatisfaction: The role of appearance comparisons and rumination

  Dondzilo, L., Basanovic, J., Grafton, B., Bell, J., Turnbull, G. & MacLeod, C., Jan 2023, In: Current Psychology . 42, 3, p. 1896-1904 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Mediation Model 100%
  • Eating Disorders 100%
  • Self-Report 33%
  • Mediation Analysis 33%

  19   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  264 Downloads (Pure)

• Assessing anxiety-linked impairment in attentional control without eye-tracking: The masked-target antisaccade task

  Basanovic, J., Todd, J., Van Bockstaele, B., Notebaert, L., Meeten, F. & Clarke, P., Jan 2023, In: Behavior Research Methods. 55, 1, p. 135-142 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Antisaccade 100%
  • Attentional Control 100%
  • Eye-Tracking 100%
  • Eye Movement 66%
  • Cognitive Theory 33%

  9   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Body dissatisfaction and selective attention to thin-ideal bodies: The moderating role of attentional control

  Dondzilo, L. & Basanovic, J., Sept 2023, In: Body Image. 46, p. 443-448 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Selective Attention 100%
  • Attentional Control 100%
  • Self-Report 16%

  7   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Examining the role of trait anxiety and attentional bias to negative information in intrusion vulnerability following an emotionally negative event

  Pandzic, I., Notebaert, L., Basanovic, J. & MacLeod, C., Dec 2023, In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 81, 101894.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Trait Anxiety 100%
  • Individual Differences 20%

  1   Link opens in a new tab Citation (Scopus)

• Reliability and convergence of approach/avoidance bias assessment tasks in the food consumption domain

  Basanovic, J., Dondzilo, L., Rudaizky, D. & Van Bockstaele, B., May 2023, In: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 76, 5, p. 968-978 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Stimulus Response 100%
  • Avoidance-Approach 100%
  • Eating Behavior 75%
  • Behavior (Neuroscience) 50%
  • Individual Differences 25%

  3   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  94 Downloads (Pure)

• The Contribution of Attentional Bias to Negative Information to Social Anxiety-Linked Heightened State Anxiety During a Social Event

  Grafton, B., Long, C. & MacLeod, C., Oct 2023, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 47, 5, p. 752-760 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Social Anxiety 100%
  • State Anxiety 100%
  • Attentional Bias 100%

  6   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• The role of performance beliefs in the difference between self-report and behavioural measures of attentional control and their relationship with anxiety

  Van Bockstaele, B., Greenwell-Barnden, J., Todd, J., Clarke, P. J. F., MacLeod, C. & Notebaert, L., Apr 2023, In: Personality and Individual Differences. 204, 7 p., 112047.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Self-Report 100%
  • Attentional Control 100%

  11   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Web of Science)

• 2022

  Anxiety-Linked Impairment in the Ability to Recode Stimuli

  Rudaizky, D., Mărcuș, O., Visu-Petra, L. & MacLeod, C., 12 May 2022, In: Emotion. 23, 3, p. 814-824 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Trait Anxiety 100%
  • Cognitive Flexibility 66%

• Attentional Bias to Alcohol Information: a Novel Dual-Probe Task

  Todd, J., Downey, J., Grafton, B. & MacLeod, C., Dec 2022, In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 29, 6, p. 820-826 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Selective Attention 16%
  • Consumer Behavior 16%
  • Drinking Behavior 16%
  • Risk Behavior 16%

  3   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Body dissatisfaction frequency and duration: Dissociable dimensions of trait body dissatisfaction

  Dondzilo, L., Rodgers, R. F., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Vartanian, L. R., Krug, I., Preece, D. A., MacLeod, J. & MacLeod, C., Sept 2022, In: Body Image. 42, p. 327-337 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Disordered Eating 100%
  • Eating Behavior 100%
  • Psychometrics 50%

  2   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  89 Downloads (Pure)

• Effect of manipulating facial attractiveness judgements on the experience of intrusive thoughts in high facial appearance concern individuals

  Dondzilo, L., Spring, S. & MacLeod, C., Nov 2022, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 158, 104184.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Judgement 100%
  • Groups 11%

  4   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  56 Downloads (Pure)

• Emotional mental imagery generation during spontaneous future thinking: relationship with optimism and negative mood

  Ji, J., Murphy, F. C., Grafton, B., MacLeod, C. & Holmes, E. A., Mar 2022, In: Psychological Research. 86, 2, p. 617-626 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Negative Mood 100%
  • Mental Imagery 100%
  • Mood Disorder 16%
  • Sustained Attention 16%
  • Mental Representation 16%

  16   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  155 Downloads (Pure)

• Enhanced capacity to switch but not to maintain: The basis of attentional bias to high calorie foods in restrained eaters

  Dondzilo, L., Mills, C., Pollitt, S. & MacLeod, C., 1 May 2022, In: Appetite. 172, 105969.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Attentional Switching 100%
  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Calorie 100%
  • Group Difference 25%
  • Food Intake 16%

  6   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Web of Science)

  85 Downloads (Pure)

• Gamification of cognitive bias modification for interpretations in anxiety increases training engagement and enjoyment

  Salemink, E., de Jong, S. R. C., Notebaert, L., MacLeod, C. & Van Bockstaele, B., Sept 2022, In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 76, 101727.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Cognitive Bias Modification 100%
  • Gamification 100%
  • Interpretive bias 100%
  • Social Anxiety 25%

  21   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Healthiness matters: Approach motivation for healthy food in overweight and obese individuals

  Moore, S., Rudaizky, D., MacLeod, C. & Dondzilo, L., 1 Jan 2022, In: Appetite. 168, 105760.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Avoidance-Approach 100%
  • Healthy Food 100%
  • Unhealthy Food 80%
  • Body Mass Index 66%
  • Consumer Behavior 33%

  10   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  173 Downloads (Pure)

• Impact of autistic traits on the anxiety-linked attentional bias to negative information

  South, E., Papaelias, S., Grafton, B., MacLeod, C. & Maybery, M., Oct 2022, In: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 98, 102036.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Trait Anxiety 40%
  • State Trait Anxiety Inventory 20%

  1   Link opens in a new tab Citation (Scopus)

  25 Downloads (Pure)

• Social activity promotes resilience against loneliness in depressed individuals: a study over 14-days of physical isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

  Ji, J., Basanovic, J. & MacLeod, C., Dec 2022, In: Scientific Reports. 12, 1, p. 7155 7155.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Social Activity 100%
  • Loneliness 100%
  • COVID-19 100%
  • Social Interaction 44%
  • Social Isolation 22%

  12   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• The attenuation of spider avoidance action tendencies in spider-fearful individuals and its impact on explicit evaluation of spider stimuli

  Basanovic, J., Page, J. & MacLeod, C., Apr 2022, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 151, 104052.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Action Approach 100%
  • Disgust 100%

  4   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  57 Downloads (Pure)

• 2021

  Attentional control moderates the relationship between social anxiety and selective attentional responding to negative social information: evidence from objective measures of attentional processes

  Mazidi, M., Grafton, B., Basanovic, J. & MacLeod, C., 11 Aug 2021, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Cognition and Emotion. 35, 7, p. 1440-1446 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Social Anxiety 100%
  • Attentional Control 100%
  • Cognitive Theory 14%
  • Social Interaction 14%

  9   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  142 Downloads (Pure)

• Attentional processes and contamination-related intrusion distress

  Todd, J., MacLeod, C. & Notebaert, L., May 2021, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 140, 103833.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Contamination Fear 62%
  • Stressors 12%

  4   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Change in Attentional Control Predicts Change in Attentional Bias to Negative Information in Response to Elevated State Anxiety

  Basanovic, J., Kaiko, I. & MacLeod, C., Feb 2021, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 45, 1, p. 111-122 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • State Anxiety 100%
  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Attentional Control 100%
  • Inhibitory Control 40%
  • Individual Differences 10%

  12   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  193 Downloads (Pure)

• Emotion-in-Motion: An ABM Approach that Modifies Attentional Disengagement from, Rather than Attentional Engagement with, Negative Information

  Basanovic, J., Notebaert, L., Clarke, P. J. F. & MacLeod, C., Feb 2021, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 45, 1, p. 90-98 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Eye Movement 50%

  12   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  155 Downloads (Pure)

• The independent roles of attentional engagement with, and disengagement from, negative information in intrusive re-experiencing of negative events

  Dondzilo, L., Grafton, B., Zaffino, J. & MacLeod, C., 18 Dec 2021, In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 75, 101722.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Controllability 100%
  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 100%

  4   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  108 Downloads (Pure)

• The relationship between worry and attentional bias to threat cues signalling controllable and uncontrollable dangers

  Georgiades, J., Cusworth, K., MacLeod, C. & Notebaert, L., May 2021, In: PLoS One. 16, 5 May, e0251350.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Everyday Functioning 33%
  • Controllability 33%
  • Selective Attention 16%
  • Individual Differences 16%

  7   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Web of Science)

• The role of biases in the judgement processing of (un)attractive faces in body dysmorphic symptomatology

  Dondzilo, L., Dietel, F. A., Buhlmann, U. & MacLeod, C., Jun 2021, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 144, 103919.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Face 100%
  • Judgement 100%
  • Biases 100%
  • Recognition 25%
  • Vulnerability 25%

  9   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• The Role of Facial Appearance Concern and Appraisal Perspective in the Experience of Task-Irrelevant Intrusions

  Dondzilo, L., Grafton, B. & MacLeod, C., Jun 2021, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 45, 3, p. 450-455 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Group Difference 100%

  4   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  164 Downloads (Pure)

• 2020

  A Cross-Cultural Study of Justice Sensitivity and Its Consequences for Cooperation

  Baumert, A., Maltese, S., Reis, D., MacLeod, C., Tan-Mansukhani, R., Galang, A. J. R., Salanga, M. G. C. & Schmitt, M., 1 Sept 2020, In: Social Psychological and Personality Science. 11, 7, p. 899-907 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Cultural Contexts 100%
  • Cross-Cultural Studies 100%
  • Measurement Invariance 50%
  • Measurement Instrument 50%
  • Psychometrics 50%

  19   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Anxiety & inhibition: dissociating the involvement of state and trait anxiety in inhibitory control deficits observed on the anti-saccade task

  Myles, O., Grafton, B. & MacLeod, C., Dec 2020, In: Cognition and Emotion. 34, 8, p. 1746-1752 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Inhibitory Control 100%
  • State Anxiety 100%
  • Antisaccade 100%
  • Trait Anxiety 100%
  • Dispositional Anxiety 14%

  23   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Cognitive bias modification to prevent depression (COPE): Results of a randomised controlled trial

  Basanovic, J., Grafton, B., Ford, A., Hirani, V., Glance, D., MacLeod, C. & Almeida, O. P., Nov 2020, In: Psychological Medicine. 50, 15, p. 2514-2525 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Cognitive Bias Modification 100%
  • Major Depression 100%
  • Depressive Disorder 100%
  • Randomized Controlled Trial 100%
  • Cognitive Bias 100%

  13   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  607 Downloads (Pure)

• Effects of cognitive load during interpretation bias modification on interpretation bias and stress reactivity

  Van Bockstaele, B., Clarke, P. J., Notebaert, L., MacLeod, C. & Salemink, E., Sept 2020, In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 68, 101561.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Cognitive Load 100%
  • Interpretive bias 100%
  • Group Difference 10%

  16   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  100 Downloads (Pure)

• The Role of Fear of Fatness and Avoidance of Fatness in Predicting Eating Restraint

  MacLeod, J. S., MacLeod, C., Dondzilo, L. & Bell, J., 1 Feb 2020, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 44, 1, p. 196–207 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Avoidance-Approach 100%
  • Individual Differences 100%
  • Eating Disorders 100%
  • Psychological Factor 100%

  8   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  61 Downloads (Pure)

• Trait anxiety and the alignment of attentional bias with controllability of danger

  Notebaert, L., Georgiades, J. V., Herbert, M., Grafton, B., Parsons, S., Fox, E. & MacLeod, C., 1 Apr 2020, In: Psychological Research. 84, 3, p. 743-756 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Trait Anxiety 100%
  • Controllability 100%

  24   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  269 Downloads (Pure)

• 2019

  A new approach to facilitating attentional disengagement from food cues in unsuccessful dieters: The bouncing image training task

  Jonker, N. C., Heitmann, J., Ostafin, B. D., MacLeod, C., Glashouwer, K. A. & de Jong, P. J., 1 Sept 2019, In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 120, 10 p., 103445.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Food Intake 100%
  • Food Craving 100%
  • Visual Search 100%
  • Dieting 100%

  15   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  149 Downloads (Pure)

• Anxiety-linked attentional bias: backward glances and future glimpses

  MacLeod, C., 2 Jan 2019, In: Cognition and Emotion. 33, 1, p. 139-145 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Psychometrics 20%

  9   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  128 Downloads (Pure)

• Anxiety-Linked Attentional Bias: Is It Reliable?

  MacLeod, C., Grafton, B. & Notebaert, L., 7 May 2019, In: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 15, p. 529-554 26 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Attentional Bias 100%
  • Test-Retest Reliability 16%
  • Selective Attention 16%
  • Psychometrics 16%
  • Clinical Psychology 16%

  135   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Spontaneous cognition in dysphoria: reduced positive bias in imagining the future

  Ji, J. L., Holmes, E. A., MacLeod, C. & Murphy, F. C., 1 Jun 2019, In: Psychological Research. 83, 4, p. 817-831 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Emotional Disturbance 100%
  • Sustained Attention 100%
  • Mental Representation 100%
  • Mental Imagery 100%
  • Temporal Orientation 100%

  27   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

• Trait anxiety and biased prospective memory for targets associated with negative future events

  Notebaert, L., Jones, E., Clarke, P. J. F. & MacLeod, C., 15 Jun 2019, In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. 43, 3, p. 550-560 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Trait Anxiety 100%
  • Prospective Memory 100%
  • Lexical Decision 16%

  3   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  171 Downloads (Pure)

• 2018

  Inhibitory attentional control in anxiety: Manipulating cognitive load in an antisaccade task

  Basanovic, J., Notebaert, L., Clarke, P., MacLeod, C., Jawinski, P. & Chen, N., 16 Oct 2018, In: PLoS One. 13, 10, e0205720.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Antisaccade 100%
  • Attentional Control 100%
  • Cognitive Load 100%
  • Saccade 10%
  • Eye Movement 10%

  17   Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)

  247 Downloads (Pure)