Personal profile
Biography
Alex was born and raised on a farm in Western Australia, attending high school in Perth. After undergraduate studies at the Australian National University in Canberra (1977-1983) he worked as a solicitor in Melbourne before undertaking a Master of Laws specialising in Natural Resources and Environmental Law at the University of British Columbia (1986-87). Since 1988, Alex has been based at the University of Western Australia Law School teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students in Public Law and Natural Resources and Environmental Law. He was appointed Professor of Law in July 2015.
Roles and responsibilities
Besides his academic teaching and research interests, Alex has, since 1994, been an environmental legal consultant, especially to the Environmental Defender's Office (WA) and to Western Australian Government Agencies responsible for water resources management. He was a member of the Advisory Council to the Environmental Protection Authority of Western Australia from June 1995 to August 1999 and was a senior sessional member of the State Administrative Tribunal from 2005-2017.
From October 2006 to June 2008, Alex advised the State Department of Water on water resources law reform. In 2009-10 he assisted with advice to the Commonwealth Government on issues relating to the Murray Darling Basin. In 2013-15, he assisted the National Water Commission and the Commonwealth Department of Environment.
Alex is a contributing editor to the Environmental and Planning Law Journal and was from 2012-2017 the editor of the Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal.
Alex was the Convener of the Management Committee of the Environmental Defender's Office WA (Inc) from December 2015 to November 2018. The EDO(WA) is now part of the EDO Australia: https://www.edo.org.au/ .
Future research
Alex also has ongoing research interests in:
* water resources law, generally;
* water resources law and adaptation to climate change;
* mining and water;
* water quality law, especially the regulation of diffuse source water pollution; and
* Ramsar wetlands;
* regulation of greenhouse gas emissions.
Funding overview
* 2021-22: CRC for Transformation in Mining Economies, Regulatory Mapping of Mine Closure Law & Policy in Australia
* 2015-16: Office of Water, Commonwealth Department of Environment, report with colleagues on the regulation of shale gas fracking on environment and water.
* 2014-15, International Mining for Development Centre, for a project on Mining and Water Law Reform for Ghana.
* 2013-16, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities: Project A3.2 on Better Regulatory Frameworks for Water Sensitive Cities.
* 2009-14, Australian Research Council / National Water Commission, funding through the National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training.
* Cotton Research and Development Corporation: 2010-2013.
* 2010-13, Cotton Research and Development Corporation.
* 2006-08, Water Resources Law Reform, Department of Water, Western Australia, consultancy contract won by competitive tender.
* 2005-06, The Department of Premier & Cabinet, WA, for a project on environmental water allocations.
* 2003, Report on Biodiversity Conservation Law Reform in Western Australia, for Conservation Commission of Western Australia, consultancy contract won by competitive tender.
Previous positions
Project leader of Project 1.3, Regulatory Mapping of Mine Closure Law & Policy in Australia, March 2021 - December 2022, with the CRC for Transformations in Mining Economies with a team of co-researchers at the UWA Law School and Murdoch University: https://crctime.com.au/research/projects/project1c/.
Senior Sessional Member of the Western Australian State Administrative Tribunal, 2005-2017.
Adjunct Professor, Australian National University College of Law, 2011-2017.
Current projects
In 2021 I commenced the 3rd edition of Water Resources Law (LexisNexis) with three co-authors.
Teaching overview
Alex currently teaches postgraduate units offered by the UWA Centre for Mining, Energy and Natural Resources Law (http://www.law.uwa.edu.au/research/cmenrl) in Water Resources Law and Environmental Law.
At the UWA, he also teaches JD units Environmental Law and Administrative Law. He has formerly taught courses in Comparative Law, Constitutional Law and Advanced Legal Theory & Research Methodology.
Alex has also taught Water Resources Law in the graduate programs at:
* the Australian Centre for Environmental Law at the Australian National University College of Law, 2001-2015; and
* the TC Beirne School of Law, The University of Queensland, 2011, 2012 & 2014.
Research
Alex's research interests are in Natural Resources and Environmental Law, with a special interest in Water Resources Law.
A principal avenue for pursuing these research interests has been through national research centres:
* the CRC for Transformations in Mining Economies https://crctime.com.au/ - 2021-22;
* the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Project A3.2 on Better Regulatory Framework for Water Sensitive Cities: https://watersensitivecities.org.au/content/project-a3-2/ - 2012-2017.
* the National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training: http://www.groundwater.com.au/- 2009-2016.
Alex also does regular peer review for journals and the Australian Research Council.
Research expertise keywords
- Resources Law
- Environmental Law
- Environmental Law/ Pollution
- Natural resources law
- Environmental law
- Water law
Expertise related to UN Sustainable Development Goals
In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. This person’s work contributes towards the following SDG(s):
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SDG 2 Zero Hunger
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SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation
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SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
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SDG 13 Climate Action
Fingerprint
- 1 Similar Profiles
Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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Climate litigation and democracy
McGaughey, F., Gardner, A., Mascher, S. & Rizzi, M., 13 Apr 2026, (Accepted/In press) Research Handbook on Law and Democracy. Patmore, G. (ed.). Edward Elgar PublishingResearch output: Chapter in Book/Conference paper › Chapter › peer-review
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When Ideas Float Across the Nullarbor, Some of Them Evaporate
Gardner, A., Oct 2025, In: Environmental and Planning Law Journal. 41, 4, p. 305-317 22 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
1 Citation (Web of Science) -
Community Legal Rights in Mine Closure Planning; A Comparative Analysis of Three Australian States
Gardner, A. & Hamblin, L., 28 Nov 2023, In: Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal. 42, 2Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile42 Downloads (Pure) -
Insights to Successful Mine Closure and Land Repurposing in the Australian Context: A Piecemeal Experience
Haslam-McKenzie, F., Gardner, A. & Andrew, B., Jun 2023, 26th World Mining Congress, 26-29 June 2023, Brisbane, Australia: Resourcing Tomorrow: Creating Value for Society, Proceedings. 11 p.Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference paper › Conference paper › peer-review
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In support of a statutory duty of care to mitigate the impact of climate change – a tripartite argument
Rizzi, M., McGaughey, F. & Gardner, A., 14 Dec 2023, AusPubLaw: Australian Public Law.Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article in specialist publication
Open Access
Projects
- 7 Finished
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Mapping the regulation of mine closure, relinquishment and repurposing across all Australian jurisdictions
Gardner, A. (Investigator 01) & Haigh, Y. (Investigator 02)
Cooperative Research Centre for Transformations in Mining Economies Ltd
18/01/21 → 24/12/21
Project: Research
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Preliminary Information Gathering on Shale or Tight Gas Extraction - Research Priorities & Regulatory Review
Chandler, J. (Investigator 01), Gardner, A. (Investigator 02), Bartlett, R. (Investigator 03), Webster, A. (Investigator 04), Fardin, J. (Investigator 05) & Clements, J. (Investigator 06)
Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (Australia)
1/01/15 → 31/12/15
Project: Research
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Mining and Water Law Reform for Ghana
Gardner, A. (Investigator 01), Bulto, T. (Investigator 02), Ainuson, K. (Investigator 03) & Manteaw, S. (Investigator 04)
Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID)
1/10/14 → 28/02/15
Project: Research
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Project A3.2 : Better Regulatory Frameworks for Water Sensitive Cities
Gardner, A. (Investigator 01)
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities
1/07/12 → 30/06/17
Project: Research
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ARC NWC Co Funded Centre for Groundwater Research & Training - Discussions with ARC
Prommer, H. (Investigator 01), Gardner, A. (Investigator 02) & Pannell, D. (Investigator 03)
ARC Australian Research Council
1/01/10 → 31/12/14
Project: Research
Prizes
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National Environmental Law Association, Lifetime Membership Certificate
Gardner, A. (Recipient), 14 Nov 2025
Prize: Award
File -
Eminent Environmental Lawyer Award for Excellence 2025
Gardner, A. (Recipient), 27 Feb 2025
Prize: Award
File -
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Activities
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Sustainable Water and Energy Solutions for Mining and Ecosystems
Gardner, A. (Participant)
12 Jun 2025Activity: Conferences and workshops › Contribution or participation in a conference
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Australasian Journal of Environmental Management (Journal)
Gardner, A. (Reviewer)
2 Feb 2024 → 19 Feb 2024Activity: Editorial work or peer review of publications › Publication peer review
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Mining and Water Resources Regulation
Gardner, A. (Speaker)
28 Sept 2024Activity: Service and engagement › Mentorship
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Submission regarding Western Australia's Implementation of the National Water Iniative
Gardner, A. (Consultant)
15 Feb 2024Activity: Industry and government engagement/consultancy › Submissions to or appearance before a government committee, inquiry or agency
File -
Report on the Climate Change Amendment (Duty of Care and Intergenerational Climate Equity) Bill 2023
Gardner, A. (Independent expert ), McGaughey, F. (Independent expert ) & Rizzi, M. (Independent expert )
Jun 2024Activity: Industry and government engagement/consultancy › Citation in Australian or overseas Parliamentary department, intergovernmental and NGO reports
Courses
Press/Media
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WA Auditor General report on regulation of water licences
12/06/25
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Press / Media
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Indigenous groups vow to keep fighting extension of Woodside's North West Shelf
30/05/25
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Press / Media
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A prince, traditional owners and a 'carbon bomb': Inside Woodside's extension plans
30/05/25
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Press / Media
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Stateline: Total control: WA Government and politics
17/12/24
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Press / Media
Impacts
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Productivity Commission, National Water Reform 2024
Gardner, A. (Participant)
Impact: Public policy Impacts