Global change alters the abundance and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and influences plant mycorrhizal benefit

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play critical roles in ecosystem
services and exhibit sensitivity to global change factors (GCFs). However,
the interactive effects of multiple GCFs on AM fungal communities, and
whether changes in AM fungal have a feedback effect on plant mycorrhizal
benefits under global change remain poorly understood.  We
synthesized 1,646 observations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal
communities from field experiments to evaluate how manipulated GCFs affect
their abundance and community structure and to determine the potential
consequences for outcomes of plant-mycorrhizal fungal relationships. The
interactive effects among GCFs were mainly additive rather than
synergistic or antagonistic. AM fungal diversity was not consistently
sensitive to the individual effects of GCFs; however, a significant shift
in community structure occurred under individual or concurrent GCFs. When
multiple factors were imposed simultaneously, their negative effect on AM
fungal colonization was strengthened, while their effects on community
structure were diminished. Moreover, plant performance was closely linked
to changes in abundance and community structure of AM fungi under GCFs.
Experimental duration and environmental variables emerged as the most
important predictors of AM fungal responses to GCFs. Reordering or
replacement of AM fungal species has been identified as the key mechanism
driving community responses to GCFs. Our study highlights the need to
monitor AM fungal community structure and associated functional
consequences for plant communities under ongoing global change.

# Global change alters the abundance and community structure of arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi and influences plant mycorrhizal benefit This
data_and_code.zip contains the data and R scripts associated with
"Global change alters the abundance and community structure of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and influences plant mycorrhizal
benefit" by Ren et al. These files include basic data, R scripts. 
**Description of the data and file structure** The data and code folder
contains all files and data related to analyses run using the R package.
The files include: **R scripts:** code.txt--R Script for Data
Visualization (Figure 2; Figure 4; Figure 5; Figure 6). **The first row of
both the CSV and Excel files has been annotated to define all
abbreviations used in the tables. Additionally, the specific figure that
each table corresponds to has been indicated.** **csv files:**
colonization.csv--This dataset, along with the accompanying code, allows
for the reproduction of Figure 2. Primary focus on associations between
global change factors and their effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)
fungal. env.csv and rich.csv --This dataset, along with the accompanying
code, allows for the reproduction of Figure 6. Primarily displays the
matrix of correlation coefficients between multiple metrics of AM fungi
and a series of abiotic factors. paraglomus1.csv--This dataset, along with
the accompanying code, allows for the reproduction of Figure 5. Primarily
investigates the relationships between global change factors and
parameters of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. **xlsx files:** original
dataset.xlsx--Raw Data Extracted for Meta-Analysis. Includes soil chemical
characteristics (pH, available P g/kg, nitrate-nitrogen g/kg,
ammonium-nitrogen g/kg, organic carbon g/kg, total N g/kg, total P g/kg),
environmental mean annual temperature (MAT), latitude and longitude, mean
annual precipitation (MAP)), AM fungal abundance (including root
colonization, extraradical hyphae length, and spore density), richness
(the total number of species or taxa present, based on morphology [spore
taxonomy] or genetics [OTU numbers]), Shannon diversity index, beta
diversity (the magnitude of similarity in species composition among
different sites) and the community structure.  **Code and software** R
version 4.3.3 was used to run analyses and create all figures. Annotations
are provided in all scripts to guide data loading, analyses, and figure
creation. The following packages are required: Matrix; rJava; glmulti;
metafor; readxl; vegan; rfPermute; psych; reshape2; pheatmap;
jokergoo/ComplexHeatmap (built from GitHub, script contains code for
install).