This is an advanced unit linking soil chemistry and biology in the soil-water-plant-microbe continuum, emphasising interactions that govern soil health and fertility. It deals with nutrient cycling in soils with respect to nutrient offtake in agricultural products as well as losses to ground- and surface waters and air. Students gain an understanding of the chemical equilibria and processes in soil solution and at the solid surfaces as well as how soil microbiome abundance and diversity influence soil ecological services.